Ghosting
A phenomenon occurring when voltage from an energised element leaks to an adjacent OFF element and turns the adjacent element partially ON. Also, the temporary trail left by a moving object on a "slow" LCD panel.

Graphics Mode
A scanning mode in which great numbers of dots, that form an image, are displayed with various colours and patterns.

Generalised Timing Formula
Generalised Timing Formula: Algorithm proposed by VESA for a linked set of video timing formats allowing a monitor's displayed image to 'self-align' to a common size.

Hertz (Hz)
A unit used to measure frequency. It is defined as numbers of events per second. 1 Hz = 1 cycle per second, 1kHz = 1,000 cycles per second.

Horizontal Scanning
The movement an electron beam traces across the phosphor dots on the CRT.

Horizontal Scanning Frequency
The rate in kHz of how many times an electron beam traces across horizontal lines of phosphor dots in one second, "painting" the image. Monitors with higher horizontal rates can run higher resolutions.

ICC
Specification for a high speed serial interface proposed by the American Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. See also Firewire

In-Plane Switching (IPS)
A liquid crystal technology in which the alignment field is generated from electrodes located on a single substrate rather than on opposite sides like more conventional (TN) panels. The main advantages IPS are greater viewing angles and greater contrast ratio.

.INF
Information (file name extension). Monitor .INF file allows the computer to set the resolution and refresh rate appropriate to the monitor connected.

Interlaced Scanning Mode
A scheme that takes two passes to paint an on screen image, painting every other line on the first pass and sequentially filling in the rest of the lines on the second pass. This scheme usually causes flickers (Rosch, 1991).

Interlacing
See Interlaced Scanning Mode

Invar Shadow Mask
A type of shadow mask that is made out of Invar, an alloy that is able to withstand high temperature generated by the electron beam with minimal expansion. The Invar shadow mask allows the CRT to generate a brighter image than the conventional shadow mask. (See Shadow Mask ).
An Advanced Invar Shadow Mask improves brightness by 40% over the standard.

IPS
In plane switching. TFT LCD switching method where the electric field is switched in one plane of the LCD substrate, rather than across the two.

ISO 9000
A set of standards authored by the Geneva-based International Standards Organisation (ISO) which defines the basic ingredients of a quality system for manufacturing, including documentation controls and training. Certification is granted to individual facilities, not specific products.
(Chan, Joscelyne Levin, Lore Humes, Bruce Computer Sources. January 1993. The ASM Group).

ISO 14001
A European Community approved specification that cites requirements for implementing and maintaining Environmental Management Systems. Companies seeking formal registration by an independent, accredited Registrar, must meet the stated requirements which cover Environmental Policy, Planning, Objectives & Targets, Legal Requirements, Training, Communication, Operational Control, Document Control and Emergency Preparedness & Response.

Jitter
See Swim.